名詞 roughness:

1. a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is irregular and uneven
   同義詞：raggedness
2. the quality of being unpleasant (harsh or rough or grating) to the senses
   同義詞：harshness
3. an unpolished unrefined quality
   同義詞：crudeness
4. used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather
   同義詞：choppiness, rough water
5. rowdy behavior
   同義詞：rowdiness, rowdyism, disorderliness
6. the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
   同義詞：pitting, indentation
7. harsh or severe speech or behavior

1. The referee penalized the team for unnecessary roughness.
   這個隊因行為粗魯而受到裁判的處罰。
2. Roughness of the skin can be caused by bad diet.
   飲食不好可能引起皮膚粗糙。