The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward.

spinous process
spinous process
Spinous Process
Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscle
Spinous process clamp for spinal fusion and method of operation
Expansive midline T-saw laminoplasty (modified spinous process-splitting) for the management of cervical myelopathy.
Expansive laminoplasty with reattachment of spinous process and extensor musculature for cervical myelopathy
Spinous process osteotomies to facilitate lumbar decompressive surgery.
Preservation of the spinous process-ligament-muscle complex to prevent kyphotic deformity following laminoplasty.
Lumbar spinous process-splitting laminectomy for lumbar canal stenosis. Technical note.
Spinous process-splitting laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite spinous process spacer.
Threaded K-wire spinous process fixation of the axis for modified Gallie fusion in children and adolescents.
Interspinous Fusion for the Treatment of Herniated Intervertebral Dises: Utilizing a Lumbar Spinous Process as a Bone Graft