n.

something that causes irritation and annoyance

"he's a thorn in my flesh"

同義詞：irritant

a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf

同義詞：spineprickleprickerstickerspikelet

a Germanic character of runic origin

Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence
Antimutagenic constituents from the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis
Genetic structure of crown-of-thorns starfish ( Acanthaster planci ) in Australia
Aposematic (warning) coloration associated with thorns in higher plants
A threat to coral reefs multiplied? Four species of crown-of-thorns starfish
Major genetic differences bewtween crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) populations in the Indian & Pacific Oceans
Are increased nutrient inputs responsible for more outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish? An appraisal of the evidence
Genetic structure of outbreaking and non-outbreaking crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) populations on the Great Barrier ...
Bacteria on the surface of crustose coralline algae induce metamorphosis of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci
Response of herbivorous fishes to crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci outbreaks. II. Density and biomass of selected species...