TOEFL© , formally known as "Test of English as a Foreign Language"was developed to measure the English language proficiency of non-native English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S.

TOEFL 2000 reading framework: A working paper
Demystifying the TOEFL Reading Test.
Factor Structure of the TOEFL Internet-Based Test.
Mining the Web for Synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL
Mining the Web for Synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL
Mining the Web for Synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on TOEFL
The Relationship Between Computer Familiarity and Performance on Computer-based TOEFL Test Tasks
Differences in written discourse in independent and integrated prototype tasks for next generation TOEFL
Monograph Series Representing Language Use in the University: Analysis of the TOEFL 2000 Spoken and Written Academic Language Corpus
Does the Text Matter in a Multiple-Choice Test of Comprehension? The Case for the Construct Validity of TOEFL's Minitalks.